https://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&feed=atom&action=historyUpasaka and Upasika - Revision history2024-03-29T00:30:50ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.0https://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=21829&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 17:52, 11 August 20112011-08-11T17:52:17Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Lay <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Arahant</del>]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Lay <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">arahant</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://www.thedhamma.com/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://www.thedhamma.com/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bhikkhu Bodhi. ''In the Buddha's Words'', Wisdom Publications 2005; page 376</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*Bhikkhu Bodhi. ''In the Buddha's Words'', Wisdom Publications 2005; page 376</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://www.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BuddhismAtoZ</del>.com/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://www.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">BuddhismA2Z</ins>.com/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pali terms]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pali terms]]</div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=21828&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 17:51, 11 August 20112011-08-11T17:51:38Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Enlightenment as a lay person==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Enlightenment as a lay person==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">{{Main|Lay arahant}}</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some non-Buddhists or non-Theravadins incorrectly believe that lay Theravadins believe that enlightenment is not possible, that enlightenment can only be obtained by monastic monks and nuns. But the fact is that Theravadins do believe that lay disciples can become fully enlightened. As [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] notes, "''The Suttas and commentaries do record a few cases of lay disciples attaining the final goal of Nibbana. However, such disciples either attain Arahantship on the brink of death or enter the monastic order soon after their attainment. They do not continue to dwell at home as Arahant householders, for dwelling at home is incompatible with the state of one who has severed all craving''." One may be a householder all the way up to becoming an [[Arahant]], it just that after that (full) enlightenment is attained, the person will apparently want or need to ordain. There is no need to feel defeated or to not try, there is the opportunity for full enlightenment, even as a lay follower. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some non-Buddhists or non-Theravadins incorrectly believe that lay Theravadins believe that enlightenment is not possible, that enlightenment can only be obtained by monastic monks and nuns. But the fact is that Theravadins do believe that lay disciples can become fully enlightened. As [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] notes, "''The Suttas and commentaries do record a few cases of lay disciples attaining the final goal of Nibbana. However, such disciples either attain Arahantship on the brink of death or enter the monastic order soon after their attainment. They do not continue to dwell at home as Arahant householders, for dwelling at home is incompatible with the state of one who has severed all craving''." One may be a householder all the way up to becoming an [[Arahant]], it just that after that (full) enlightenment is attained, the person will apparently want or need to ordain. There is no need to feel defeated or to not try, there is the opportunity for full enlightenment, even as a lay follower. </div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Again, if we examine the connotation of the word anāgāmī (non-returner to the material world) we obtain more evidence to support the view that arahantship is attainable outside the Order of monks. If an anāgāmī does not attain arahantship in that very existence, he will pass away and will be reborn among the Suddhāvāsā deities, where he will put an end to reiterated existence.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Again, if we examine the connotation of the word anāgāmī (non-returner to the material world) we obtain more evidence to support the view that arahantship is attainable outside the Order of monks. If an anāgāmī does not attain arahantship in that very existence, he will pass away and will be reborn among the Suddhāvāsā deities, where he will put an end to reiterated existence.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==See also==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Lay Arahant]]</ins></div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=18420&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 00:28, 11 May 20102010-05-11T00:28:57Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the [[Buddha]] also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the [[Dhamma]]. He said: "''I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]''" (D.II,105). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the [[Buddha]] also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the [[Dhamma]]. He said: "''I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]''" (D.II,105). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Enlightenment as a lay person==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some non-Buddhists or non-Theravadins incorrectly believe that lay Theravadins believe that enlightenment is not possible, that enlightenment can only be obtained by monastic monks and nuns. But the fact is that Theravadins do believe that lay disciples can become fully enlightened. As [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] notes, "''The Suttas and commentaries do record a few cases of lay disciples attaining the final goal of Nibbana. However, such disciples either attain Arahantship on the brink of death or enter the monastic order soon after their attainment. They do not continue to dwell at home as Arahant householders, for dwelling at home is incompatible with the state of one who has severed all craving''." One may be a householder all the way up to becoming an [[Arahant]], it just that after that (full) enlightenment is attained, the person will apparently want or need to ordain. There is no need to feel defeated or to not try, there is the opportunity for full enlightenment, even as a lay follower. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Some non-Buddhists or non-Theravadins incorrectly believe that lay Theravadins believe that enlightenment is not possible, that enlightenment can only be obtained by monastic monks and nuns. But the fact is that Theravadins do believe that lay disciples can become fully enlightened. As [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] notes, "''The Suttas and commentaries do record a few cases of lay disciples attaining the final goal of Nibbana. However, such disciples either attain Arahantship on the brink of death or enter the monastic order soon after their attainment. They do not continue to dwell at home as Arahant householders, for dwelling at home is incompatible with the state of one who has severed all craving''." One may be a householder all the way up to becoming an [[Arahant]], it just that after that (full) enlightenment is attained, the person will apparently want or need to ordain. There is no need to feel defeated or to not try, there is the opportunity for full enlightenment, even as a lay follower. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Some examples from the Pali Canon of enlightened lay people==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Yasa attained arahantship while being a layman, but he, too, entered the Order immediately afterwards (Vin.I.15-20). Khemā, chief of the Buddha's women disciples, attained arahantship before she entered the Order, but she entered the Order with the consent of her husband Bimbisāra, probably on the same day (ThigA.126f). </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Suddhodana, the father of the Buddha, attained arahantship a little while before his death (DPPN. s.v. Suddhodana). The Mahāvamsa (chap. xvi, 10-11) records that fifty-five brothers headed by the chief minister Mahā Arittha attained arahantship in the tonsure hall, while their heads were being shaved prior to being admitted into the Order. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In the Kathavatthu (157-8) the question whether a layman can become an arahant is discussed. The point maintained in it is that what matters is not the external characteristics of a recluse or a layman, and that anybody who is free from the mental fetters and lives a life of complete renunciation could attain arahantship. King Milinda, too, maintains this view and quotes the following words of the Buddha: "''I would magnify, o brethren, the supreme attainment either in a layman or in a recluse. Whether he be a layman, o brethren, or a recluse, the man who has reached the supreme attainment shall overcome all the difficulties inherent therein, shall win his way even to the excellent condition of arahantship''" (Man. trsl., SBE. vol.36, p.56), but so far this statement has not been traced in the [[Tipitaka]]. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In the Milindapañha (ibid. p.57) again, a question is posed as to why a person should enter the Order if laymen, too, could attain arahantship. In reply it is shown that facilities and opportunities for cultivating the mind are greater if one enters the Order, since monks are not bound up with duties of laymen such as earning to maintain oneself, wife and children and looking after the needs of relatives. In the Subha Sutra (M.II.197) the [[Buddha]] says that a person, whether he be a layman or a recluse, who leads a virtuous life, ever striving to cleanse the mind of impurities, would progress in the path to liberation.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is a current belief among some Buddhists that when a layman attains arahantship he should enter the Order the same day or within seven days or else he would die in one to seven days. Nagasena, too, confirms this view. It is difficult to trace from canonical sources any evidence to substantiate this view. Apparently this is found in the Commentaries, but not in the [[Tipitaka|Pali Canon]]. But as Bhikkhu Bodhi notes above, it is probably something that just occurs (ordination) simply because there is no longer the attachment to the worldly mundane life.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Again, if we examine the connotation of the word anāgāmī (non-returner to the material world) we obtain more evidence to support the view that arahantship is attainable outside the Order of monks. If an anāgāmī does not attain arahantship in that very existence, he will pass away and will be reborn among the Suddhāvāsā deities, where he will put an end to reiterated existence.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=9529&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 05:58, 9 May 20092009-05-09T05:58:54Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 05:58, 9 May 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3" >Line 3:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[Triple Refuge]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The [[Buddha]] expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: "''Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful''" (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: "''The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence''" (D.II,138). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[Triple Refuge]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The [[Buddha]] expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: "''Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful''" (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: "''The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence''" (D.II,138). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: "<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'</del>''You must not be satisfied with the thought, 'We have given the Saṅgha the requisites<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'</del>''" (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising [[The Noble Eightfold Middle Path]] in all its depth and breadth. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: "''You must not be satisfied with the thought, 'We have given the Saṅgha the requisites''" (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising [[The Noble Eightfold Middle Path]] in all its depth and breadth. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the [[Buddha]] also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the [[Dhamma]]. He said: "''I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]''" (D.II,105). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the [[Buddha]] also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the [[Dhamma]]. He said: "''I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]''" (D.II,105). </div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=9527&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 17:20, 6 May 20092009-05-06T17:20:42Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 17:20, 6 May 2009</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Buddhist]] lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up half the fourfold assembly (catuparisā) of the [[Buddhist]] community, the other half being monks (bhikkhū) and nuns (bhikkhunī). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Buddhist]] lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up half the fourfold assembly (catuparisā) of the [[Buddhist]] community, the other half being monks (bhikkhū) and nuns (bhikkhunī). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[Triple Refuge]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The Buddha expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: 'Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful' (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: 'The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence' (D.II,138). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[Triple Refuge]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Buddha<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"'</ins>'Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'" </ins>(S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"'</ins>'The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'" </ins>(D.II,138). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: 'You must not be satisfied with the thought, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“We </del>have given the Saṅgha the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">requisites”</del>' (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the </del>Noble Eightfold Path in all its depth and breadth. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"''</ins>'You must not be satisfied with the thought, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'We </ins>have given the Saṅgha the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">requisites''</ins>'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>(A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[The </ins>Noble Eightfold <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Middle </ins>Path<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>in all its depth and breadth. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the Buddha also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the Dhamma. He said: 'I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]' (D.II,105). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Buddha<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] </ins>also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Dhamma<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins>. He said: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"'</ins>'I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]'<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'" </ins>(D.II,105)<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. </ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Some non-Buddhists or non-Theravadins incorrectly believe that lay Theravadins believe that enlightenment is not possible, that enlightenment can only be obtained by monastic monks and nuns. But the fact is that Theravadins do believe that lay disciples can become fully enlightened. As [[Bhikkhu Bodhi]] notes, "''The Suttas and commentaries do record a few cases of lay disciples attaining the final goal of Nibbana. However, such disciples either attain Arahantship on the brink of death or enter the monastic order soon after their attainment. They do not continue to dwell at home as Arahant householders, for dwelling at home is incompatible with the state of one who has severed all craving''." One may be a householder all the way up to becoming an [[Arahant]], it just that after that (full) enlightenment is attained, the person will apparently want or need to ordain. There is no need to feel defeated or to not try, there is the opportunity for full enlightenment, even as a lay follower</ins>. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==References==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*''<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Buddhism A to Z</del>''. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Ven</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Dhammika</del>, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">2007</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*''<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[Buddha's Lists|The Complete Book of Buddha's Lists -- Explained]]</ins>''. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">David N. Snyder, Ph.D., 2006.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*http://www.thedhamma.com/</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*Bhikkhu Bodhi</ins>. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''In the Buddha's Words''</ins>, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Wisdom Publications 2005; page 376</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">*http://www.BuddhismAtoZ</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">com/</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pali terms]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Pali terms]]</div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=1980&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 18:36, 1 November 20082008-11-01T18:36:20Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:36, 1 November 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11" >Line 11:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*''Buddhism A to Z''. Ven. Dhammika, 2007.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*''Buddhism A to Z''. Ven. Dhammika, 2007.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Category:Pali terms]]</ins></div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=1200&oldid=prevTheDhamma at 16:37, 16 October 20082008-10-16T16:37:51Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:37, 16 October 2008</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1" >Line 1:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Buddhist]] lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up half the fourfold assembly (catuparisā) of the [[Buddhist]] community, the other half being monks (bhikkhū) and nuns (bhikkhunī). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Buddhist]] lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up half the fourfold assembly (catuparisā) of the [[Buddhist]] community, the other half being monks (bhikkhū) and nuns (bhikkhunī). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Three Refuges</del>]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The Buddha expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: 'Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful' (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: 'The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence' (D.II,138). </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Triple Refuge</ins>]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The Buddha expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: 'Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful' (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: 'The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence' (D.II,138). </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: 'You must not be satisfied with the thought, “We have given the Saṅgha the requisites”' (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising the Noble Eightfold Path in all its depth and breadth. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: 'You must not be satisfied with the thought, “We have given the Saṅgha the requisites”' (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising the Noble Eightfold Path in all its depth and breadth. </div></td></tr>
</table>TheDhammahttps://www.dhammawiki.com/index.php?title=Upasaka_and_Upasika&diff=1199&oldid=prev76.173.201.98: New page: Buddhist lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up...2008-10-16T16:36:14Z<p>New page: <a href="/index.php?title=Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a> lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up...</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[Buddhist]] lay men are called '''upāsaka''' and lay women '''upāsikā'''. Both words are derived from 'to sit close' (upāsati) and 'to attend to' (upāsana). Lay men and women make up half the fourfold assembly (catuparisā) of the [[Buddhist]] community, the other half being monks (bhikkhū) and nuns (bhikkhunī). <br />
<br />
The [[Buddha]] said that to be a lay [[Buddhist]] one has to have taken the [[Three Refuges]] and sincerely practise the five Precepts (A.IV.222). This of course is the bare minimum. The Buddha expected the highest ethical, intellectual and spiritual aspirations from all his disciples. The [[Dhamma]] was meant for all, it can be realized by all and therefore it should be practised by all. The [[Buddha]] said: 'Whether in a householder or a monastic I praise right practice. And whether they be a householder or a monastic, if they practise in the right way, then because of their right practice they will be winners of the Truth, the [[Dhamma]], the Skilful' (S.V,19). Some lay people today believe that it is sufficient for them to just worship the [[Buddha]] or other worthy persons. The [[Buddha]] would have agreed with this but his idea of what constitutes truly meaningful worship was in a different category from bowing, putting the hands in a praying gesture and placing flowers on shrines. He said: 'The monk or the nun, the lay-man or lay-woman who lives by the [[Dhamma]] and perfectly fulfils it, it is they who honour me with the highest reverence' (D.II,138). <br />
<br />
One of the lay person's most important duties is to provide the basic necessities, the four requisites, to monks and nuns. The [[Buddha]] envisaged the ideal relationship between his lay and monastic disciples as being symbiotic - lay people providing monastics with their material needs and monastics providing lay people with spiritual guidance and example. But the Buddha was aware that if lay people remain content with being simply a provision shop for monks and nuns, that the [[Buddhist]] community would be severely imbalanced and incomplete. Thus he admonished his lay disciples: 'You must not be satisfied with the thought, “We have given the Saṅgha the requisites”' (A.III,206). Some of the other things that the [[Buddha]] expected of his sincere lay disciples includes doing good works, having integrity in their business dealings, being a true friend to others (D.III,188), visiting and comforting the sick (S.V,408), going on meditation retreats from time to time (S.V,19), in short, practising the Noble Eightfold Path in all its depth and breadth. <br />
<br />
But of course one can only practise the Buddha's teaching if one knows it and therefore the Buddha also expected his lay disciples to be well-versed in the Dhamma. He said: 'I shall not pass into final [[Nibbana]] until the lay-men and lay-women are accomplished and well-trained, learned and erudite, knowers of the [[Dhamma]], living by [[Dhamma]] and walking the path of [[Dhamma]], not until they pass on to others what they have received from their Teacher and teach it, proclaim it, establish it, explain it, promote it and clarify it, not until they are able to use it to refute false teachings and impart this wondrous [[Dhamma]]' (D.II,105). <br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*''Buddhism A to Z''. Ven. Dhammika, 2007.<br />
*http://sdhammika.blogspot.com/</div>76.173.201.98